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Key Points NutrInsight • Slow-release carbohydrates: Growing evidence on metabolic responses and public health interest

Figure 17: 2-h plasma glucose levels for the intervention group (open circles; n=52) and the control group (black squares;
n=54) at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years of follow-up. Data are means ± SEM. *P=0.023 for the difference between the
groups over time (general linear model ANOVA for repeated measures).
Source: Roumen et al., 2008

Other similar intervention studies have been performed, such as the Finnish Diabetes Prevention (FDP) study
and the European Diabetes Prevention Study Newcastle (EDIPS-Newcastle). A pooled analysis of the data
from these three European cohort trials (SLIM, FDP, and EDIPS-Newcastle) demonstrated that the cumulative
incidence of type 2 diabetes was 57% lower in subjects who improved their lifestyle compared to the control
groups (hazard ratio (HR) =0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.29, 0.60], P<0.001) [Penn et al., 2013].
All these data showed that either the reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia itself or the reduction of
postprandial hyperglycemia as part of a lifestyle program improvement were able to reduce the risk of type
2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease genesis.

• To limit progression to diabetes, early detection of impaired fasting plasma
glucose and impaired glucose tolerance is essential.

• The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the only means of identifying subjects
with impaired glucose tolerance, and is more predictive than fasting glycemia for
detecting genesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

• Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia via dietary or combined diet and physical
activity interventions can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular
events in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

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